Quantcast
Channel: Marsha Ingrao Always Write Woodlake History
Viewing all 68 articles
Browse latest View live

Local California Artist, Linda Hengst

$
0
0
I enjoy meeting people.  I even like to meet people who do things well.  Then I can brag that I know them.  That makes me a better, more capable person, doesn't it?  So today I'm going to brag about a neighbor of mine, Linda Hengst.
The Hengsts farm in the Woodlake area. Citrus and stone fruits grow well in this area. These are the views I drive by every day.
The Hengsts farm in the Woodlake area. Citrus and stone fruits grow well in this area. These are the views I drive by every day.
My friend, neighbor, and fellow Kiwanian, Linda Hengst, paints and photographs this beautiful area in which we live with passion and perfection.  She has given me permission to share some of her work.  It is on display at the Exeter Courthouse Gallery.  She works primarily in oil pallet knife paintings as well as water colors, pen and ink.  Her works will be up until March 30.
Linda's Kaweah3
This looks like the drive my husband and I took up the Kaweah River. It looks calm here, but with a little snow and rain...
Linda's mountain
Linda's Kaweah
This is my personal favorite.  I love the colors of the boats dancing on the water.
This is my personal favorite. I love the colors of the boats dancing on the water.
Which ones did you like best?

Local Control Funding Formula and History Social Science in CA Schools

$
0
0

 A Special Alert from CCSS Legislative Analyst Fred Jones to all CCSS Members

Social studies educators have a new opportunity to enhance or reclaim the place of social studies education in California. New systems of state funding of public education (the Local Control Funding Formula, or LCFF) require school districts to show that they are using state money to improve student achievement in all required curriculum areas, one of those being History-Social Science. Teachers, parents, and others who want to promote History-Social Science need to step forward and participate in the new process.

According to the new Local Control Funding Formula passed into law last summer, local school districts and county offices are given historic flexibility to spend state resources (including Categorical funding streams) the way they think works best for their students and community needs.  However, the same LCFF law require districts to formulate -- with the input of the public and educational stakeholders -- "Local Control Accountability Plans" (LCAPs) detailing their priorities and how they will be spending these resources; these plans must be submitted to the state by July 1, so districts are busily holding public meetings and doing surveys to gather the input of stakeholders.

The LCAP will set the policy and budgetary goals of your district for the next several years; the State Board of Education has provided districts a general template for performance indicators to be included in their LCAPs, (available on the home page of the California Department of Education, http://www.cde.ca.gov) but most of the details will be left to individual districts.  This LCAP moment presents one of the best opportunities to insist that History-Social Science (or if you prefer to use a politically salient term used by politicians, "Civics") instruction and knowledge be included as something all schools should be held accountable for delivering to all K-12 students (at all grade levels).

You can help coordinate the active participation of your instructor colleagues, parents and even local civic leaders and business owners in your community.  Inform them when your district will be holding public meetings to get LCAP input; eventually your school district board will have to vote upon the recommended LCAP, at which time this will be another opportunity to make our pitch for HSS education.
Additional resources are available at the CCSS home page (http://www.ccss.org
If you have questions or comments to share, please email Jim Hill, Chair CCSS Government Relations Committee, mailto:jimhill@csusb.edu


Government Relations Committee Members
 Fred Jones, Legislative Analyst
Jim Hill, Committee Chair
Michelle Herczog, Committee Co-Chair

Ben Chaika
Cricket Kidwell
Anthony Zambelli

Ruth Luevanos


What's Different About a Social Studies Conference?

$
0
0
Large or small, I like social studies conferences.   Teachers starve for social studies professional development because it differs from other subject area conferences.
1238939_10201646543632433_1246678955_n
The social studies include four core subject areas:  geography, economics, history and civics.
  • Geography:  Now I ask you who isn't interested in traveling? One of our CCSS exhibitors offers teachers expenses paid trip for two weeks to Germany.  Do they have offers like that in math conferences?
The activity we did at the N. CA conference this weekend had us identifying where and when pictures had been taken.  Each group of 4 had two different pictures. This particular activity showed change over time in Germany.
  • Economics:  Do you run out of month or paycheck first?What would happen if we quit shipping the 40% of California's agricultural products overseas, could we save water in drought-ridden California?  Studying economics helps students grapple with historic and current issues, trace the consequences and predict future results from actions we take today.  Conferences bring you face to face with people in the know like Dr. Jim Charkins of the California Council for Economics Education.
  • History:  Scholars from near and far engaged us in conversations about WWI, the trenches, the music, the need to enlist before the selective service started, and the propaganda to get people to enlist.
Lora Vogt from the WWI Museum in Kansas City, MO
Lora Vogt from the WWI Museum in Kansas City, MO
Now I understand a little piece of my grandfather's life a little better.
scholar Jennifer Keene
Dr. Jennifer Keene from Chapman University compared Ernest Hemingway's life to the average WWI soldier. Sponsored by Gilder Lehrman Institute
At the other conference we Skyped author/scholar, Allyson Hobbs from Stanford, also sponsored by Glider Lehrman Institute who studied the effects of African-Americans who passed for white, and what they missed from their black culture by giving up their identities.  Can you imagine giving up/turning your back on who you are?  She made it personal.
Dr. Allyson Hobbs, sponsored by Gilder Lehrman Institute
Dr. Allyson Hobbs, sponsored by Gilder Lehrman Institute
  • Civics:  We met three speakers involved in landmark Supreme Court cases.  Sylvia Mendez's younger sister never knew the court case happened until  she studied the effect on the Civil Rights movement in high school.  Karen Korematsu spoke about her father, Fred Korematsu's opposition to the federal government, prison, Supreme Court Case.  We met Mary Beth Tinker, Tinker V Des Moines, who wore a black armband to school, to express her views.  She didn't think it was any big deal at the time.  Now she talks to children around the country.  She told us stories of amazing children, and what they can do that adults couldn't.
Michelle_MaryBethTinker
NCSS President-Elect, Michelle Herczog and Mary Beth Tinker of Tinker v Des Moines
We heard Major General Patrick Brady tell us that people may not have equal opportunities, but we all have access to as much courage as they want.  The more we use, the more we have.
Major General Patrick Brady, Vietnam War hero, Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient
Major General Patrick Brady, Vietnam War hero, Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient
We met political cartoonist, Lalo Alcaraz who has one of his paintings hanging from the wall of Supreme Court Justice Sotomayor
Lalo Alcarez at the CCSS Conference in Los Angeles
Lalo Alcarez at the CCSS Conference in Los Angeles
Where else but a social studies conference can you rub elbows with people who played a part in exciting events you read about in the news?
Power of Democracy2Intensity sparked like electricity during a Power of Democracy Task Force meeting. Where can you get direct contact with legislators, Department of Justice, and Department of Education at the same time?
Power of Democracy/Civic Education
Student speaker at Power of Democracy/Civic Education meeting
We honored our best and finest social studies teachers at the awards program - AKA Emmys. Twitterers tweeted during the conference.
DBQ session
Brent won a bicycle at the membership booth. Exhibitors gave free stuff to everyone.  Best of all teachers connected with other teachers and shared ideas.
Next March we go to Oakland.  The National Conference will be in Boston in November.  California Council Needs YOU!  If you teach history-social studies in CA, please join us.

Initial Reflections on the 53rd Annual CCSS Conference

$
0
0
 President’s Reflection on the 53rdAnnual CCSS Conference



All the statistics from the 53rdAnnual CCSS conference are not yet compiled, so my reflection is not built entirely on hard data. Like the rest of the conference goers, I listen to people as they come and go on the elevator and in the halls.  I engage them in conversation to see how things are going. I received many positive responses, including this typical elevator speech. “If there is one thing I can take back to the classroom, I am happy.”


This year I enjoyed each session I attended, which were mostly keynote sessions and special events, since it is my job to introduce them.  I always attend keynote sessions because these are speakers represent those who endured enough hardship or did enough good to change the world.  Having my time prescribed means that I miss most of the sessions in which teachers connect with teachers.  I found out by reading #CCSS2014, our Twitter hashtag that many of these sessions had standing room only.


We monitored the number of social media interactions during conference.  For the first time, we had an app for the conference program as well as a Twitter hashtag.  This year we only had about 30 users out of nearly 800 attendees using the app, and about the same number tweeting on the hashtag, but I see that changing as more and more teachers step into the social media world. 



Social media kept people informed about what was coming up at the conference.  People responded to our conference notifications.  The best response was 244 views on our FB announcement of Major General Patrick Brady.  We found out that more people viewed our posts if we included posters rather than pictures.  This year we had 11 participatory attendees.  One hundred seventy-nine people noticed Mary Beth Tinker’s poster the first time and 53 the second time compared to 29 views when we posted just her picture.  It’s unclear whether social media determined how many came to each session.  As a result our graphic designer, Frank Espinosa, designed many more posters for our speakers that we have ever had. 

You will hear this fascinating story of Gen. Brady who is the only living Army veteran of Vietnam to hold both the Medal of Honor and the Distinguished Service Cross, our nation's second highest award as well as many other awards. Brady was awarded a Medal of Honor, presented to him by President Richard Nixon on October 9, 1969.
Photo: You will hear this fascinating story of Gen. Brady who is the only living Army veteran of Vietnam to hold both the Medal of Honor and the Distinguished Service Cross, our nation's second highest award as well as many other awards.  Brady was awarded a Medal of Honor, presented to him by President Richard Nixon on October 9, 1969.

1Like ·  · 

On the other hand, simple posts received large numbers of hits as well.  The post about our leadership training drew 98 views.  Last year we had 2 people at that session. The California Task Force public meeting was packed to overflowing – about 150 persons, and yet only about 30 people viewed each of the two posts on Facebook.  We don’t have the data yet to analyze how well attended other advertised sessions were.  The bottom line is that word of mouth influences which sessions people attend more than anything.  We hope that having information to inform viewers ahead of time helped attendees talk about what was available.

Our total connections went from nearly nothing at the beginning of the 2013-2014 year to:
           1.  LinkedIn  1,252
    1. Facebook Fan Page 170
    2. FB Group A 264
    3. FB Group B 42
    4. Twitter 94
The Common Core Boot Camp 2.0 remained well attended this year.   The secondary level Boot Camp had standing room only session.  The addition of Common Core has put the subject area of history-social studies into a state of flux, which keeps teachers anxious. Teachers with whom I chatted have two main concerns:  having the time to teach, and knowing what to teach.  Our standards are now nearly 20 years old, and no longer correspond to the direction in which the Common Core standards are driving the assessment vehicle.  Common Core Boot Camp attenders learned how the C3 Framework can help them design effective lessons to meet the demands of the Common Core Standards.  The CCSS conference also gave teachers an effective place to express their opinions about changing California policies.


The conference offered more content scholarship sessions than ever before in the past.  We have not traditionally reached out to the university membership, but we broke that mold this year.  University people bring a different perspective to our typically K-12 attendees.  In addition they invite student teachers, whose membership we need to remain vibrant as an organization.  The presenting scholars are also potential contributors and reviewers to our scholarly journal and occasional papers.  This brain surge, in turn, provides higher quality resources to the K-12 members. 



The conference offers a chance for people to network across the four core disciplines as well as cross grade levels and most importantly from different areas of the state.  This makes the CCSS Annual Conference a dynamic professional development that no one district could provide on its own for social studies teachers.


My humblest and most sincere thanks goes to the hard working Conference Committee and Executive Cabinet, and Executive Secretary and on site volunteers, who worked long, often tense, hours to bring this successful conference to you, our members and friends across the state of California.  We want to see you next year in Oakland.

Marsha Ingrao
2013-2014 President, California Council for the Social Studies



LCAP - Allowing ALL Students Access to High Quality Instruction in the Social Studies

$
0
0
Yesterday I met informally with Dr. Guadalupe Solis, Assistant Superintendent of Schools in Tulare County.  Under his direction Educational Resources Services, the curriculum and instructional service arm of the County Office, embraced the Common Core Standards, and collectively became one of the premier expert organizations in the nation.

As a county office of education, one of the primary services offered to districts, particularly to small districts, is assistance to develop plans.  Currently Tulare County Office of Education (TCOE) is working with their fourth cohort of districts to develop the LCAP.  I asked him about using the LCAP to support social studies.  He offered several comments.

First, social studies is part of the LCAP.  Secondly, he stated that most of the social studies people he talked to seemed more interested in money than in what is good for students.  Social studies representatives need to state more than social studies is important because all content areas feel their content is important.  In his opinion social studies needs to hop on the "need for expository text" bandwagon.  He agreed that they need to emphasize the need for ALL students to have access to good social studies teaching, but primarily because all students need to be able to read, and social studies text provides the content of reading.

The point I don't feel that I communicated well was one that I read in an article today about primary and secondary sources.  One of the main reasons to teach children to analyze and read well, is so that they can think and make decisions, and therefore become good citizens.   Just throwing expository texts at students in no particular order does not help them to learn to think critically or learn the skills they need that go beyond reading to clear, logical thinking.  I advocated for a structure in teaching history social studies.  I also advocated for new standards that align with the thinking behind the Common Core movement in language arts and mathematics. Along with that, I mentioned the C3 Framework for Social Studies.  Unfortunately, I didn't have the document with me.

When you talk to your district planners, be prepared as to why social studies is important to students.  This is about more than money, it's about what our children learn in public education in the next few decades.  Common Core Standards are the best advocates for teaching social studies that the content area has had in ten years.  But we stand on a cliff, and we could totter over the edge very easily as I felt that nearly did with my former boss.  We want all students to have access to critical thinking skills, and become empowered to make all our lives better in the future through persuasion and the rule of law rather than violence or corruption.


Valleycation: Sacramento Railroad Museum

$
0
0
 Think you might like to be a docent?  We had a one hour tour at the Railroad Museum in Sacramento.  The training to learn all the ins and outs of being a museum guide lasts 55 hours.  Our tour guide, Bob, is a docent trainer.
I was surprised to see an entire display about the train control station at Allensworth in the Railroad Museum.   The Santa Fe line, built after the transcontinental railroad was completed, runs north and south through the San Joaquin Valley.  It was a line built without customers.  The railroad established towns as they went.  Except for Visalia and Porterville, which were on the Butterfield Stage Coach route, the towns in Tulare County are railroad towns.   Allensworth is one of the few towns in CA that has been preserved as a model of what life was like in the early 1900s in a rural railroad town.  Allensworth, pictured below, is a rural town with an interesting twist.  Colonel Allen Allensworth, a freed slave and retired military officer, wanted a town in which African-Americans could prove to the world that they could be productive on their own in spite of prejudice, and limited opportunities.  He purchased 800 acres and founded the only African-American freedom colony in California, Allensworth.  The impact of this town was farther reaching than most non-African-American people realize.
Allensworth is located in what used to be the bottom of Tulare Lake, the largest (but shallow) freshwater lake west of the Mississippi River.  After it was drained for agricultural purposes, alfalfa and other crops thrived in the fertile river bed.   The town of Allensworth prospered when the Santa Fe made daily visits carrying their farm goods mostly to LA.  However, the town was more than just a stop.  Allensworth was a train control station for the Santa Fe line which meant that it was manned 24 hours a day with men trained to keep trains from running into each other .  
In the display below you can see the boxcars which were make-shift homes for some of the railroad workers.   The boxcars had a breezeway to try to keep them cool during 115 degree summer days in an era before air conditioners.
The Santa Fe Railroad went through Allensworth, and stopped here to get water for their steam engines.  Trains pumped and used 50,000 gallons of water a day.   You can see the size of the water tower in comparison to the size of the buildings.  Allensworth had a great aquifer, but after a few years of constant use, the water table dropped, and with it, the easy access to water.  In 1914 the Santa Fe Railroad moved its control station from Allensworth to nearby Alpaugh, and much of the industry began to die out in Allensworth.


Bob didn't take his group upstairs, but I enjoyed wandering around up there as well.  Fortunately some people could sleep, and you could move around in the cars. More than likely these two items were separated by more than a foot or two on board a train.  
The dining set in the picture below looks like it was from the 1950s.  This set would have looked perfect in my parent's 1957 ranch home with a copper-colored refrigerator, sink, and stove top and a turquoise and copper-colored couch with turquoise swivel chairs.
There are some trains with elegant dining cars downstairs in the museum.   The chandeliers in this dining car didn't rival the ornate Venetian hand-blown glass  chandeliers, but considering the setting, they were beautiful.
At the top of the stairs as you climbed to the third floor, this gigantic little boy looked like he was waving to you.  NO, he was the epitome a boy enamored with trains. 
From the invention of trains to present day, kids of all ages have loved playing with trains.  These kids are starting young.  When did you first start to play with trains?
I've been to many museums, but this is one of the more fun, interactive museums you can visit, and it's conveniently located in Sacramento.

BOOK REVIEW: CO-OPERATIVE DREAMS A HISTORY OF THE KAWEAH COLONY BY JAY O’CONNELL

$
0
0
Kaweah Colony
If you’ve never seen a tree so wide you can drive your truck through it, then you need to come to the Sequoia National Park. The Kaweah River surges down from the Sierra Nevada, through the Big Trees, forming the Delta where big agriculture lives in Tulare County.
map
The huge forests that attract thousands of tourists world-wide today, might have been wiped from the map before their secret was discovered were it not for the drama that unfolded in the mountains in the 1880s.  
I met author, Jay O’Connell, in the Pizza Factory in Three Rivers on the day Sally Pace and I made ad sales calls for the Kiwanis Magazine, “What’s Happening in the Foothills.”  I went home, and sure enough, I had his book, Cooperative Dreams A History of the Kaweah Colony, in my library, but to my loss, had never taken the time to read it.
Early tent colony where first Kaweah Colony residents settled.
Early tent colony where first Kaweah Colony residents settled.
“Three key issues of the nineteenth-century California history are illustrated by events at Kaweah.” The issues prominent in the 1880s, when the Kaweah Colony formed were: “land and its acquisition; labor and the organization of it; and conservation.  … They are personified by three major characters in the drama of the Kaweah.” Charles Keller found the land, and knew it would be perfect to start the perfect cooperative colony.  Burnette Haskell, son of none other than Eddie Haskell (not from Leave It To Beaver, but very much like him in personality) gave voice to the organized labor movement so prominent in those years.  Finally, Visalia’s own “Father of the Sequoia National Park,” George W. Stewart championed conservation so effectively that the results surprised even him.
More permanent dwellings afforded little protection from the winter weather.
More permanent dwellings afforded little protection from the winter weather.
What I didn’t know was that there was such a mysterious aura around the often-told story.  For fifty years even historians did not know how the park came to be included in a bill that originally reserved only a small portion of the trees for posterity.  Even more amazing was the reason for including the magnificent trees in the preservation act.
O’Connell gently unfurls the story, introducing each character, using primary sources including letters, newspaper articles, and interviews of survivors of the colonies conducted in the 1940s by Tulare County historical expert, Joe Doctor, to authenticate his narrative.
As a student of local history, I found this fascinating, but California’s history, its dream belongs to the world as did the settlers that came in the 1800s.

1990s Fourth Grade Bicycle Trips to View Wuchumna Yokuts Indian Settlement Area

$
0
0
Twenty-three years ago I began teaching fourth grade in Woodlake, CA with Suzanne Bidwell, Donna Frasier, Karen Redfield, and Edna Ikerd.  This trip was one of the traditions they established, and I lucked into.  I've seen Wuchumna spelled both Wu and Wa, so if someone knows the real correct way to spell it, they can write in and inform me!

The pictures won’t win any awards, but when I post them on FB, people recognize their tia or tio (aunt or uncle), and other family members, and it’s a lot of fun.   Aren’t they adorable?
4th Grade Bike Trip 1_RT
The pictures show the last bike trip we took before the helmet law for bicyclists went into effect around 1993 or 1994.
4th Grade Bike Trip 3_RT
The goal was to get to location that hadn’t been disturbed by settlement, where a tribe of the Wuchumna Indians, a sub-tribe of  Yokuts Indians, lived in this area.  The Yokuts, yes the ‘s’ is part of the name, was one of the largest tribes in North America.  Food was plentiful, nutritious and easy to gather or hunt.  However, not even missionaries or Spanish soldiers ventured this far east more than once or twice.  Thomas Davis from South Carolina and his friends, Thomas Fowler and Jim Fisher discovered this area in 1853.
4th Grade Bike Trip 7_RT
Kids enjoyed walking through a sort-of-cave and looking at the paintings left by the Wuchumna.
4th Grade Bike Trip 15_RT
The owner of this property, who is in his 80s, remembers seeing them down by Cottonwood Creek.  It’s dry most of the year.  It probably was then, too.


Gary Davis can probably tell you about another time when his five-year-old daughter and I got stranded up on this rock, and he had to climb up and rescue us.  These kids didn't have as much problem getting down, but they didn't have to be lifted from ledge to ledge to get there.
4th Grade Bike Trip 10_RT
Wuchumna women harvested the many oak trees in the area. Women of all ages sat around the large grinding rock and ground acorns.  You can tell who sat where by the size of the holes in the rocks.  Grandmas had very deep holes.  You can clearly see the deep hole on the back right.
4th Grade Bike Trip 2_RT
Too soon it was time to bike back to school.
4th Grade Bike Trip 13_RT
Drivers followed in trucks or vans to pick up stray bikes and bikers that broke down along the way.
4th Grade Bike Trip 14_RT
I biked behind them taking pictures and hoping that no one would have problems.  And no one did.  :)

Decorating with Relics from Woodlake's Past

$
0
0
In the rustic western town, Woodlake, California, and surrounding countryside, people often decorate with relics.  It takes artistic flair to arrange relics to look more than junky.Relic1I'm still at the junky level.  My friend Sally Pace has moved beyond that.  She and her husband host weddings and many free events at their rustic ranch.Relic 5Mike pampers his favorite relic.  Not only is it in the barn, but it's covered.Relic2The following 1940s picture is a relic even though Sally's road looks almost the same.relic7Sally's house and all its decorative relics weren't there yet.Relic10Woodlake Hardware boasts of nearly 100 years of service, making it somewhat of a relic, yet the building today hasn't changed much since the 1940s when Morris Bennett started working there.Relic8Woodlake Hardware_RMorris decorated the walls with relics from the past.Relic9Of course, the pair of skates is my favorite relic. Relic3At 90+ Morris still works most days.SFW 08132013 Morris Bennett027rHe's my hero, but he's NOT a relic!  :)

Hog Wallows that Are Not HOG Wallows

$
0
0

I find hog wallows fascinating and irresistible because they are unusual, and their cause is debated. They have been preserved for us by the Buckman family of Exeter marked by a Tulare County Historical Society marker in 1979.  
Historic Spots in California:  5thEdition briefly describes the phenomenon of hog wallows and records a history of their origin and the demise.  “The Yokuts Indians believed they were leftover earth dumped from work baskets after the building of the great Sierra Nevada. (p. 540).”  Another early theory was that they were formed by pressure from escaping water and gas. Still another idea attributed the hill building to local gophers. (Ibid. p. 540). 
Courtesy of Tulare County Library
The earliest scientific article I found about Hog Wallows was written in the 1877 article, The “Hog Wallows” of California by Alfred R. Wallace quoting an 1874 article by Prof. Joseph Le Conte in the American Journal of Science p. 366.  They both credited “surface erosion” as the culprit for creating the mysterious mounds, but Wallace observed that the areas covered by hog wallows have the unique attributes of being treeless and having  “a moveable” surface soil covering a “less moveable one” below.  Wallace stated that the surface is eroded down to the pebble layer in places leaving elliptical shaped mounds that vary in size, but average 5 feet high by forty feet in diameter.

Hog wallows were removed with the help of the Fresno Scraper, first patented in 1882, to make the fields ready for agricultural purposes.  When tractors were added in 1910-1920, the scraper become even more efficient, and “laser beam controlled scrapers have also reduced surveying and operator skill requirements for land leveling for agricultural and construction. 

CCSS and the CCSS: California Council for the Social Studies's Response

$
0
0
We had a question the other day about where CCSS stands regarding the Common Core Standards.  While we wholeheartedly support the implementation of state mandates as illustrated by our Common Core Boot Camp 2.0, March 7-8, there is concern from some the Common Core Standards might contribute to the lessening of social studies curriculum.  I think it is a pertinent question.   If it is a concern to some, it may be a concern to many.  I am posting part of the response to that teacher from our Government Relations Chair, Jim Hill.  To see his occasional paper go to our website, CCSS.org.  (Marsha Ingrao, CCSS President 2013-2014)

from Jim Hill

The essential direction of CCSS (the original CCSS....) is to strengthen social studies K-12, as doing so increases the ability of students to function and participate as the informed citizenry envisioned by Jefferson. 

What has been driving curriculum in Calif K-12 for the past 15 years is the assessment/accountability package. Right now, social studies will not be tested in K-12 for the next few years. According to the 484 legislation, the CDE has to present a plan to test social studies as part of the 'additional to common core' testing the CDE wants to put in place. The CDE itself criticizes the now defunct assessment program for in part narrowing the curriculum. I cite from the CDE proposals at length in my occasional paper, which this teacher might look at. Some of this new assessment can be performance assessment, and some will be at local levels. 

So, I would suggest, CCSS is the organization trying to maintain, and improve, social studies in California. No one else is really doing that, really; other organizations propose only one particular field of study. 

CCSS is working in concert with National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) and local councils is doing everything possible to keep SS on the political radar screen.  NCSS has published a National Framework for Social Studies, the Vision for  College, Career, and Civic Life (C3)  Both the President and President-Elect will be presenting at our Conference about the C3 Framework.  In addition, the Director and a Board member from Oregon will also present on this and other topics.  So in that respect, you can come and meet and talk to them yourself, and make an educated decision about the organizations.


Social studies teachers who are involved with like minded SS educators through the professional organization of CCSS gives us the energy and strength to fight for our existence. United we stand! Divided we fall! Please join us in March at our conference in Los Angeles. 


CCSS is the premiere professional organization that unites all social studies fields with the political voice, career growth opportunities, and peer collaboration through excellent conferences, cutting edge publications, and local council development.


Redbanks with Ernie Garcia

$
0
0
The cloudless sky, leaves turning bright yellow and red, clean cool air that didn't blow your hair off; it couldn't have been a better day for photography.  I wanted a better picture for my book of FJ White Learning Center.
FJ White Learning Center
Ernie Garcia worked with me at Francis J. White Learning Center.  He volunteered to come with me on my photography spree and pose for a fake picture for my book.
 
Ernie unlocking gateBWWe took some great pictures there then he said, "Now where are we going to go?"


History is all about geography, and geography changes over time.  So when someone says to me, "I worked at Redbanks," I think Dead Rat Saloon, and trees on the hill.  I love it when people want to drive around town with me and point out where things used to be.
entering Redbanks
 
 
Ernie suggested, "Let's drive to Redbanks.  I haven't been there in quite a while." So we drove to the real Redbanks where Ernie worked in the 1940s before Uncle Sam pointed his finger Ernie's direction.
Old hotel1
Looking left from the bridge I saw the old hotel that Chuck Hackett told me resembled a Union Station. Over the years Redbanks (and probably others) had used Cottonwood Creek as an equipment gravesite, which lay exposed in the dry creek bed.
old hotel2
Ernie came to Redbanks in 1933, and attended Paloma School.  When we drove in, the manager pulled his pickup next to my Prius.  I started to introduce myself  and explain why we were trespassing, but he interrupted me.  "I know this guy!" You would have thought Ernie was a rock star!  We were in.
Old hotel3
He and Ernie chatted while I snuck off and took pictures of the old hotel.
Old hotel4
Janet Livingston gave me a little history about Redbanks.  Mary Anne Terstegge Tulare County Historical Librarian wrote in the March 1991 Valley Voice p. 27,
On the north bank of Cottonwood Creek was the ranch headquarters. Immediately west of the road is the two-story manager’s house. Bill Murray lived there from 1921 until 1929. Then the Bill Mayfields moved into it. Wilbur Mayfield was a pipe man from Goshen who served as superintendent until 1934.
old hotel7
Beyond the manager’s house was ... the main building which is of Spanish style resembling a Southern Pacific depot. Constructed in 1914. This building had a large restaurant for the workers at its west end.
old hotel6
Immediately behind the dining area was a large kitchen and food storage area with ice lockers in the center directly below the upstairs. The kitchen was presided over by Wylie, a one-eyed Chinese man who was an excellent cook. In the center of the north side of this headquarters building, a hall and stairway gave access to the upper floor.
Old hotel5 In the late 1920s, the east end was remodeled to create offices. West of the headquarters building and near the creek was the shower/lavatory building.
old hotel8
At first there were only rooms for workers up there. Then in 1932, the upstairs has converted into a five-room apartment known as “the penthouse”. The east half of this building contained rooms for bachelor workers. Hence it was referred to as “the hotel.”
Ernie guided me back into the Redbanks complex past the ranch garage for motorized equipment.  Earlier it had been a blacksmith shop area.  Ernie called this next house the "Hindu Building." Originally it had been the Hindu irrigator's bunk house.
Hindu bunkhouse1
Ernie's brother had his wedding reception in this, once beautiful building.  Looking across the fence to the north we saw Colvin's Mountain.
Colvin's MountainThe first settler in that area west of Woodlake was Elijah T. Colvin, a stockman who in the early 1860s bought three sections of land on the southern slopes of the hill, which bears his name. At that time Cottonwood Creek still ran due south into the St. Johns River. By 1892, Elijah Colvin was dead and some of his property was sold.
Ernie told me that when he worked here, they could see the vegetable gardens planted by the Japanese that once lived on Colvin Mountain.  The government evacuated them sent them to live in internment camps during World War II.  They did not return, and now orange groves cover the lower part of the mountain.
Cottonwood creek
As we left, I pulled the car over, left it running, but did remember to put it in park this time, and ran back across the bridge to take one last shot of Cottonwood Creek and the Sierra Nevadas.  Ernie taught me more in an hour than I could have mastered reading 10 hours of articles about Redbanks.  Thanks Ernie!
 
 

The Woodlake Mayberry Years in Law Enforcement

$
0
0
As I researched the history of Woodlake to write Images of America Woodlake, Gus West jumped out in people's comments on Facebook.  I found a picture of him in one of the newspapers digitized in the library, but I couldn't use newspaper images in the book. I didn't know where to get images since Gus would be now be well over 100 years old, and the paper didn't list relatives.  Gus West, who served as Woodlake's Police Chief from 1941-1958, and judge until 1977, reminded me of Andy Griffith, one of my favorite actors. The day before my manuscript was due to the publisher, Arcadia Books, I was interviewing Richard Rasmussen and I mentioned people I would have liked to meet.

"I bet old lady Atherton would be able to get you a picture of old Gus West," Richard announced as he started dialing her number.

He made a quick call to Eunice Atherton, a beautiful, young-looking woman, who had retired from Woodlake Elementary Union District Office. She made a quick call to Bill West, and the next day I met his son, Bill West. He allowed me to scan four pictures, and gave me some information written up about him, and I got my file in to the publisher on time.

In the process of researching for this book, I unearthed far more information than I could present in the book. That, in turn, brought me to far more questions and people that I left unanswered. People have asked me if there is going to be a volume two.  I would love to do another book, but it would again have to involve the community to bring together the pictures and stories that I left untold.

Here is the rest of the story I learned about those Mayberry times during the Gus West years in Woodlake.

Police Chief Gus West, Images of America Woodlake p. 70

Woodlake incorporated in 1939 and quickly unincorporated, losing Police Chief Bill Morgan.  Ex-mayor, A.P. Haury, came into possession of the police chief's revolved, and the Woodlake Echo reported "law and order" as being a "thing of the past." Fortunately Woodlake re-incorporated in 1941 and Gus West became the Police Chief replacing Ted McGuire who must have served in the interim.

Records printed in a Woodlake Echo article show income and expenditures for the eighteen month limbo period. At that time 150 men lived within the city limits earning approximately $500 to $700 per year, opponents of incorporation thought this was a tremendous burden to place on a few individuals. The non-city made most of its money in property taxes, business licenses and dog licenses. The Echo recorded sales of an adobe building for $78.70 and a map for $1.00. During that tumultuous time, the town purchased a jail and jail fixtures for $550. According to the Woodlake Echo, the judge earned $125.00 during that period, while the police chief and special police earned $1,627.50.  Judicial books costing $77.47 were nearly as expensive as the honorable justice's salary.  Jail supplies and prisoners cost the fledgling non-city $313.11.

In 1946 Woodlake lost a bit of its Mayberry shine when Mayor A. H. Kress filed charges against Frank O. Krohn, Woodlake City Clerk, and Guy Metcalf, manager of the Woodlake City Farm Labor Camp, for embezzling $340 and $400 of city funds respectively.  Krohn made $185.00 a month while Metcalf made $150.00 per month. At that time the newly incorporated city appointed Peter Legakes as the city clerk, and Fred Fehnrenbach to run the labor camp. Gus West remained the Chief of Police.

Gus, Bill and Mary West (Photo courtesy of Bill West.)
By 1951 Chief West hired two additional officers, Chlo Nelson and Harold Scott, growing his force from a one man force to three men. Their  radio car connected with Tulare County Sheriff, Ben Gurr's, radio station, KAZF No. 1. In August, 1956 the Woodlake Police Department set up a three-way radio to replace the borrowed equipment they had been using.

West's wife Mary became the first clerk of the justice court in 1952 while Gus protected the streets of Woodlake from dangerous criminals.  Youth problems troubled the community. Funded out of the Community Chest and the City government, community leaders began setting up activities for boys at the Boys' Club to keep them out of trouble in 1954. Up to 50 boys played ping-pong, boxed and watched television five evenings a week.

Prevention may have worked for Boys' Club members, but boys will be boys and in February, 1958 the Woodlake Echo reported a gang of boys who stole a keg of nails and scattered the nails on the lawn at Memorial Park.  Someone discovered the gleaming nails before they could damage the caretaker's mower.  Another group of boys that West rounded up had hauled an "outbuilding" into the intersection of Naranjo and Valencia Blvds. on Halloween. Criminal activity seemed harmless enough.  However, the Visalia Times Delta reported that in September, 1956 two teens set a fire that destroyed a barn owned by Todd Dofflemeyer and the hay inside valued at $4,600.
Dapper Gus West, Images of America Woodlake p. 83.
In 1958 West moved on to being the Justice Court Judge in Woodlake when Judge Royal Carter stepped off the bench. Duane Roderick from Riverside replaced West as Woodlake Chief of Police. At that time judges did not have to be attorneys. By 1977 the laws in California had changed, and Gus West, not an attorney, was forced to retire at age 69. He advised his successor to "simply try to mete out justice. Sometimes you can't follow the letter of the law and mete out justice at the same time." At his retirement he stated, " I've tried to hand down sentences that I felt would do justice. As long my own conscience was clear, then I didn't worry about it."

Judge Gus West, Images of America Woodlake, p. 83.

Retired Woodlake Justice Court Judge Gus E. West, 86, died on November 12, 1993 in Visalia of cancer.  He enjoyed a reputation of being a fair and honest man.

Additional pictures provided by Bill West and Eunice Atherton.

Gus West about age 20 (Photo courtesy of Eunice Atherton).

This information came from:  Bill West, Visalia Times Delta, August 16, 1956, Visalia Times Delta, September 21, 1956, Visalia Times Delta, November 24, 1958, July 1951 Police and Peace Officers' Journal p. 35, Woodlake Echo 12-13 1941, undated Woodlake Echo, Exeter Sun, Jan. 10, 1946

Do you have a Woodlake law enforcement hero? Do you have pictures and stories you'd like to share?


Woodlake Lions Club Building Hosts Rainbow Girls Circa 1957

$
0
0
Here are a couple of pictures shared with me after the book Images of America Woodlake went to the publisher.

Back in the day, these girls ruled the roost, so I'm told. The Woodlake Rainbow Girls met in what used to be the old skating rink.


Stan Livingston remembered skating there under the bright blue sky, he told me when I returned his wife's original pictures.

"I thought it was an inside skating rink," I said.

"No, the Woodlake Lions Club bought the property and built the building."

"Well, what did you do when it rained?"

"We didn't skate on those days."

As the Lions built the building, the Rainbow girls dressed in their formals and met in their hall. In the first picture the Lions had not finished the walls or ceiling, but by the second picture the building was complete.

Though I understand the building is scheduled for demolition, it still hosts many meetings. I belong to Kiwanis Club which meets there every Tuesday morning at 6:30. Kiwanians serve delicious, home-cooked, nutritious and sometimes sinful breakfasts, and host great speakers. If you believe in helping kids, and having fun with some of the most active people since the Rainbow Girls, you should join Kiwanis.

Speaking of Rainbow Girls, can you find anyone wearing a dress who you didn't know ever owned one? Does anyone besides me know who that tiny little under-aged Rainbowette is in the first picture?

Does anyone remember the Merchants? If you do, please let Sally Pace know.  If you know of other groups that meet or have met at the Lions Club Building or more about the Rainbow Girls, tell us about it in the comment section.

As always, you know the stories, I'm just the mouth.

Kind regards,
Taken at the Memorial Building in Woodlake
Marsha Ingrao

High School Leadership Interviews

$
0
0
Being  in Kiwanis in Woodlake means doing lots of interviews with high school students, probably because Sally Pace is in Kiwanis. Sally won a national award as a high school counselor for garnering more scholarships for more students than any school our size in the nation. 

But this post is about the kids. Our Kiwanis group pays for two, possibly three, students to go to a HOBY leadership conference in Los Angeles. "HOBY’s flagship program, the State Leadership Seminar (LS) is designed to help high school sophomores to recognize their leadership talents and apply them to become effective, ethical leaders in their home, school, workplace and community. Students explore their own personal leadership skills while learning how to lead others and make a positive impact in their community."
Alice Fesperman, Jenny House and I asked each candidate 10 questions after reading their resumes and bio statements. Eleven students interviewed for three positions, and EVERY one of them was outstanding. Some of the students you might expect to be leaders. I can't keep all their individual facts straight, and indeed it is privileged information that was shredded once we finished the interviews. So if you will pardon my references to who did what, I'll tell you a little about the experience of interviewing eleven outstanding Woodlake High School students.

One student answered that one of her leadership qualities was her name. It definitely paved the way for her to become a leader, but it didn't force her to spend nearly every waking hour volunteering for band, Key Club projects, helping at school, and going out for at least three or four sports in addition to making straight A's. Other students didn't have the same advantages. Several of the student's parents had not finished elementary school, or were no longer together, but they encouraged their students to do study hard and finish school, and go on to college. Many students helped their parents at their jobs, translating, cleaning, training, coaching all while participating in many high school activities.  Tears flowed as they talked about their parents' sacrifices or how much they encouraged and supported them.

These fifteen year old students know about time management. Each of them gained confidence from participating in either sports, music, clubs, or drama. Most of them had passionate opinions which they didn't mind airing in the face of opposition about a myriad of cultural ills from prejudice to trash on campus.  One student had already completed the 85 hours of community service required for graduation - not even halfway through his sophomore year of high school. All of them spoke and wrote articulately, and in their spare time liked to read. Spare time? They all wanted to make their families proud. For everyone we asked, this was their first interview.
I went home from that experience emotionally exhausted from trying to pick three students who would get to go to this conference, leaving the rest out. I've done many interviews in my profession, but none where all the students were so highly qualified and so young. These kids inspired me. They were respectful, hard-working, full of hope, friendly, confident, dressed like professionals, and are already true leaders recognized and nominated by teachers in the schools and respected by their peers.
They are more than our hope for the future, they are our hope for today. I am a better person for having interviewed them.


Controvesies Concerning Bravo Lake in Wodlake, California

$
0
0


Photo courtesy of Marcy Miller. Images of America Woodlake pgs 10-11.

Woodlake first earned its name "Bravo!" after the cheers of several Yokuts watching a fight between a couple of white boys, Thomas Fowler and Swamp John, in the 1850s. The lake has remained both a main attraction in the Woodlake Valley foothill area, and a continued source of fighting. Unfortunately a levee built up all the way around it obscures viewing the .46 square mile lake from the street. As I started writing Images of America Woodlake, I had many questions. When did Bravo Lake appear, was it man-made, and why would the town want to hide its main attraction? The picture below is from Pogue's book covering the years 1853-1943.  Can you guess the year in which this picture might have been taken?


Fish Fry at Bravo Lake
In 1910, Gilbert Stevenson, the millionaire who purchased Blair's property with the intent to build a tourist town in the Woodlake Valley, had plans to develop the lake.  "Steve R. Webb, Real Estate agent, had bought up a large tract of level land from Blair and others north and west of Bravo Lake. Now, to the utter surprise of everyone, except (Gilbert) Stevenson (millionaire from Los Angeles who had the vision to build a town around Bravo Lake),..., the lake suddenly found itself rechristened, and the town of Woodlake sprang up beside it in a phenomenally short period of time." Pogue 37.  

from the Official Historical Atlas Map of Tulare County Thos. H. Thompson.  Tulare, California. 1892
from the Official Historical Atlas Map of Tulare County Thos. H. Thompson. Tulare, California. 1892 Reprinted by Bear State Books in Exeter, CA

Looking for evidence to find out whether the lake was man-made or natural, my neighbor Gary Davis and I poured over the 1892 Atlas of Tulare County that has been reprinted, and found the salmon filet-shaped lake on the map long printed seventy years before Terminus Dam was built on the Kaweah River.  Jonathan Blair, founder of the Presbyterian church, owned the property around the lake. What I found was more evidence for controversy, heated debates and lawsuits.

Notice the Wutchumna Irrigation Ditch from Bravo Lake across the valley.  Water rights in this area were in 1892, and still are a much-contested item in California.  Nobody wants to share their water.  This region of California is dry most of the year receiving less than 10 inches of rain annually.  However, there are many rivers, canals, and springs that are used to irrigate crops.  The work of digging and redefining the landscape in Tulare County began almost as soon as settlers appeared, but whenever a shovel changed the flow of water, new water rights issues appeared.  
Gilbert Stevenson purchased two large tracts of land: the 1,500 acres that became Woodlake and the 1,300 acres that he named Sentinel Butte Ranch.  Courtney McCracken managed Sentinel Butte Ranch after his father Henry passed away.  As part of Stevenson's Woodlake city property purchase agreement of Lot 176, the Wutchumna Water Company retained "the rights which included the storage of water thereon and the right to use the earth for the purpose of building levy. The right to use the land for every other purpose was specifically retained by Mr. Blair and his assigns." With this right, Stevenson spent the grand sum of $135,000 improving the lake. He had the sides/levies built up to make the lake deeper.  He bought three steamboats to run excursions on the lake. He planned a great hotel on the west bank and an excursion train to run all the way around the perimeter on the banks.  He planned three islands in the lake: each for a different purpose; one for a bandstand and dancing, one for bathing, and one for something else. Then the Great Depression hit, Stevenson lost his fortune in Los Angeles, and shortly thereafter died in poverty. 

P. A. Little owned the property from 1920-1927 sold part of it, ran cattle on the property and used it for fishing, but often ordered people to stay off the property. James Deacon lived on the land from 1920 - 1924 during which time an unknown company dynamited the property. Deacon became a deputy sheriff and the Wutchumna Water Company hired him to keep people out of the lake and paid for repairs to the fence around the lake.  In 1924 Mr. Weaver, an engineer and deputy game warden "planted bass in the lake furnished by the state fish and game commission." Lot 176 was eventually deeded to Stevenson's former ranch manager, Courtney McCracken, who removed the Water Company's padlocks and opened the lake to the public.

April 29, 1932 Woodlake Echo published a letter from James B. Rivers, President of Wutchumna Water Company, bringing the paper to task for publishing false information about the lake. The water district wrote, "It was therein stated that the Wutchumna Water Company had assumed liability and responsibility for the creation of certain ponds East of Woodlake. This as you know from the discussions at the meetings of our Board of Directors attended by you is incorrect." The August 5, 1932 edition of the Woodlake Echo reported on the testimony of Mrs. Chatten, manager for the Wutchumna Water Company. Attorneys presented evidence from deeds dating back to 1887 agreements between Jonathan Blair and the Pioneer Ditch company allowing Blair to pasture stock and get water from the lake. Another witness, Mr. Frances Smith, a construction engineer, stated the the dirt levees around the lake were not strong enough to withstand spray from motorboats, and would dissolve. It also reported testimoney of a Mr. Watson who managed the Lindsay-Strathmore Irrigation District who stated that water from Bravo Lake was used for domestic purposes by people in his water district.

McCracken spent three years fighting in court against the Ivanhoe Irrigation District for the right to use the water on his land. He won the right to use the water from the "Central Valley Project, and the Bureau of Reclamation's 9-E contract was declared unconstitutional because it denied the individual use of the water on his own property, which went against state water laws." 

I don't have much recent information about Bravo Lake, and its current controversies, but people enjoy walking, biking and horseback riding on the levees around it. The gates are no longer padlocked, and the signs posted on the fences that still surround the lake are illegible. As early as 1972 Manuel and Olga Jiminez started work on the 15 acre Bravo Lake Botanical Gardens that flank the north side of the lake. The gardens officially opened in 2003. You can read more about this source of Woodlake Pride on the Tulare County Treasures Website at the link above.
Photo courtesy of Marcy Miller. 

If you have additional information about Woodlake's controversial Bravo Lake, please email me at tchistorygal@gmail.com.

Who's Who In Woodlake

$
0
0
Each year since 1961 Woodlake has honored those who do so much for the community. Since that time the city has presented 241 awards. If you are a long time resident, you probably remember these names. They all contributed hours of service to make Woodlake the town it is today. Now it's our turn to make a difference and honor those who work hard. January 31st is the last day to submit nominations for 2015 honorees. Click on the link for the nomination form and instructions.
Mike Marquez, 2014 Man of the Year with MC, Tony Casares
Here is the list of citizens since 1961 who earned Woodlake's highest awards.


YearAwardFirst NameLast Name
1961ManE.B.Loverin
1961WomenWilmaHengst
1962ManFrankClarke, M.D.
1962WomenGertrudeRucher
1963ManDennisPelton
1963WomenGrace C.Pogue
1964ManNed Baker
1964WomenLuluKress
1965ManA.P.Haury
1965WomenPauline Merchant
1966ManF.J.White
1966WomenDorisVotaw
1967ManWilliam Starns
1967WomenVivienCrawford
1968ManGeorge Sommer
1968WomenYvonneKeck
1969ManPatBecket
1969WomenNancy McCallister
1970ManMorrisBennett
1970WomenElizabethBaker
1971DecadeCourtneyMcCracken
1971ManBill Crawford
1971WomenPearleaKeller
1971YouthJulieWalters
1971YouthValindaWalters
1972ManLeonardHansen
1972WomenMargaretChavez
1973ManDr. BillRuth
1973WomenGullerminaPortillo
1974ManBillFerry
1974WomenMary Bartlett
1975ManManuel Alley
1975WomenElizabethHansen
1976ManLeoRobinson
1976WomenMaryRivas
1977ManHermanZiegler
1977WomenMarionLegakes
1978ManPeteLegakes
1978WomenHelenSharp
1979DecadeRussGarcia
1979ManJohnnyJackson
1979WomenEmmaWelch
1979YouthSommerStephen
1980ManHapBaker
1980WomenAnnWhiteside
1981ManRichanrd T.Edmiston
1981WomenLuEllenRay
1981YouthGeraldSweeney
1981YouthJoySweeney
1982DecadeRopesEdwin J.
1982ManBob Painter
1982WomenMargaretWolfe
1983ManM.J.Parmenter
1983WomenWandaSweeney
1984ManJackDeitz
1984WomenRuth Edmiston
1985ManDale Wolfe
1985WomenMary RuthCrumly
1985YouthIreneRobles
1985YouthJohnVincent
1986ManLeoFry
1986WomenFrancesPhillips
1986YouthCarieDever
1986YouthMattVaccaro
1987DecadeJohnnyJackson
1987ManDaveWhiteside
1987Special 40DennisPelton
1987WomenDianaPearcy
1988DecadeMargaretChavez
1988ManTom McGee
1988WomenLouiseAchenbach
1989ManCletis Gray
1989WomenSusan Johnson
1990DecadeCarlShanes
1990ManVicKeller
1990WomenMaryCisneros
1991DecadeBucklesBetty
1991DecadeBillCrawford
1991ManFrankAinley
1991WomenRuth Gonzalez
1992ManBillDiamond
1992WomenViolaFaubel
1994ManStanSanchez
1994WomenSallyPace
1996DecadeAnnReimer
1996DecadeLegakesPete
1996ManManuel Jimenez
1996SpiritBillCrawford
1996WomenSandraCrawford
1997DecadeFerryWilliam
1997ManWilliam P.Crawford Jr.
1997SpiritWhiteFrances J.
1997WomenTriciaRenteria Aguilar
1997YouthKarenGlentzer
1997YouthFranciscoTorres
1998DecadeBakerLeland
1998ManJosephHallmeyer
1998WomenDonnaWhittaker
1998YouthFrankieCastillo
1998YouthPatriciaRenteria 
1999BusinessWoodlake Hardware 
1999ManJoeMartinez
1999WomenBarbaraHallmeyer
1999YouthDavidBotello
1999YouthHildaRodriguez
2000BusinessValero Brothers 
2000CenturyMarionLegakes
2000DecadeSandyCrawford
2000DecadeLeonardHansen
2000ManMiltonBaker
2000ManKenCrandall
2000SpiritDr.SteveTietjen
2000WomenJeanCrandall
2000WomenLinda Hengst
2000YouthDanielHallmeyer
2000YouthTaraHardcastle
2000YouthCynthiaHaro
2000YouthJohnnyHaro
2001BusinessKeith Brown Building Materials 
2001BusinessPizza Factory 
2001ManJoePerez
2001SpiritJohn Zapalac
2001WomenVirginiaPalomo
2001YouthTimHiatt
2001YouthAvilezSerina
2002BusinessGeneral Food Store 
2002ManManuelVillegas
2002SpiritManuel Jimenez
2002WomenLauraArmstrong
2002YouthGarciaAnthony
2002YouthBauerSarah
2003BusinessWoodlake Growers SupplyMike Rivas 
2003Man Ernest Garcia
2003SpiritRalphAlley
2003WomenAntonietaRuiz-Lenz
2003YouthRourkeEmi
2003YouthHeribertoRodriguez
2004BusinessHigh Sierra Lumber 
2004Man Robert H.Hengst
2004SpiritDonna & GeraldWhittaker
2004WomenFrancesMann
2004YouthGarciaFernando
2004YouthJaimieGonzalez
2005BusinessSuper TacoArmando Huerta
2005DecadeFrankAinley
2005DecadeSallyPace
2005Man RandyPowell
2005WomenLinda LaFleur
2005YouthSoukarana Stephens
2005YouthSarahVillegas
2006BusinessWoodlake Drive Inn 
2006Dist. Vet.AlvinHogue 
2006Dist. Vet.DavidPeden
2006Man RichardLaFleaur
2006SpiritKent & Sandy Owen
2006SpiritDianaPearcy
2006WomenBarbaraEdwards
2006YouthLizetteRodriguez
2006YouthJosephSpahn 
2007BusinessSubstation 
2007Lifetime Achievement AwardJudiVaccaro 
2007ManGonzalez, Jr. Gregorio Gregorio
2007SpritJackie & RobertGroeber 
2007WomanToriJohnson 
2007YouthZakariaAlsumari 
2007YouthKarlaThompson 
2008BusinessValley Business Bank 
2008Lifetime Achievement AwardFrancesSotomayor Ortiz 
2008ManMichaelPace
2008SpiritLupeRobles Pinon 
2008WomanLeslieRivas
2008YouthLilianGarcia
2008YouthJordanVieiera 
2009BusinessIron Grip GymSantos Herrera
2009Lifetime Achievement AwardManuel "Rusty" Moran
2009ManRudyGarcia
2009Pastor of the DecadeCharles Castles
2009SpiritJesusMendoza
2009WomanTerry Thompson
2009YouthRoselliaCordova
2009YouthBen Pfenninger
2010Commitment to YouthBrian Vaccaro
2010Lifetime Achievement AwardOlgaJimenez
2010Lifetime Achievement AwardBobPearcy
2010ManAlexReynoso
2010SpiritJerryAlvarez
2010SpiritLarryArroyo
2010SpiritPhillipCastillo
2010SpiritMichaelFlores
2010SpiritIgnacioGarcia
2010SpiritFrankGuillen
2010SpiritBobbyHernandez
2010SpiritMannyMartinez
2010SpiritPop Warner Bengal Coaches 
2010WomanAnaCarretero
2010YouthAlberto Reynaga
2010YouthVanessaReynoso
2011BusinessFamily HealthCare Network 
2011Community OrganizationCamp ZapJohn Zapalac
2011DecadeGerald & Dona Whittaker
2011Lifetime Achievement AwardAliceFesperman
2011Lifetime Achievement AwardFrankLupercio
2011ManBillLewis
2011RecyclerCastle Rock KnightsRachel Lira 
2011SpiritTimHire
2011WomanDonnaHills Fraser
2011YouthPhoebe Castro
2011YouthIvan Reynaga
2011Youth MentorMikeFlores Jr. 
2012BusinessLauri PollyGreen Dragon Graphics
2012Commitment to YouthDaniel V. Dudley
2012Community OrganizationWoodlake Food PantryDavid E. Brown
2012Educator of the YearRobert Gonzales 
2012Lifetime Achievement AwardLino E. Moran
2012Lifetime Achievement AwardAnita Villegas
2012ManJohnny Varela
2012RecyclerSima LeWoodlake Donuts
2012SpiritJack & BrendaPersall
2012WomanLinda Gonzalez
2012YouthLeticiaGarcia
2012YouthAlberto Ponce
2013YouthCarlosVargas
2013YouthMelissaSamaniego
2013SpiritIreneBly
2013OrganizationsBallet Folklorico del LagoMicaela Rodriguez Macareno 
2013WomanCourtneyCanterbury Hengst
2013ManRamonLara
2013Lifetime Achievement AwardJohnWood 
2013Recycler of the YearWoodlake Valley Middle School Recycling Club Monte McKean
2014YouthQuinnKeller
2014YouthTerran Brown
2014WomanIreneZacarias
2014ManMikeMarquez
2014SpiritMarcyLegakes Miller
2014HeroMarkWood
2014Lifetime Achievement AwardCraig Baker
2014Lifetime Achievement AwardBeckyWalters Baker
2014Organization RamonLara
2014Youth MentorSophiaMejia Taylor
2014Recycler of the YearVisalia Citrus Packing 
2014BusinessOrtiz AutomotiveCorny Ortiz

A VIP List: The Woodlake, CA Rodeo 1949-2014

$
0
0
For those of you list lovers out there, here is the best list I could construct from looking at past Woodlake. Rodeo Programs. While I don't know the criteria for picking Grand Marshals, I do know these people were active community members. If you know something about them, have additional names, or have pictures you would like to share me to scan and share publicly as well as using in future books about Woodlake, please contact me at tchistorygal@gmail.com.
These names may give you more ideas of someone you would consider nominating for a Woodlake Award. Awards are due by January 31, 2016 at mindnight. Click here to get the form. Send awards to:woodlakeawards@gmail.com

DateGrand MarshalRodeo QueenRodeo PresidentCity/County Officials
1949Barbara Ainley
1950
1951
1952
1953Mrs. Frank Spichtig
1954John Dudly
1955
1956
1957Pat Chappell
1958Monica Robinson
1959Carolyn Chappell
1960A.P. HauryJennie Fultz
1961Dorothy Moore
1962Linda Ragle
1963Joan Ferry
1964Cynthia Hansen
1965Jackie Horton
1966Gayle Diamond
1967Linda Keller
1968Candy Mann
1969Frank Sniveley & Oscar PayneBarbie Ruth
1970Charles DionneKathie McGill
1971Edith Day KressPatsy Sanchez
1972Aaron “Slick” SweeneyDonna McGee
1973Anne Dudley
1974Francisco AlvaradoCindy Furman
1975Emma WelchCindy Randall
1976Desiree Longbotham
1977Susie Sanchez
1978Mary FredericksCathy Davis
1979Walter LewisKim Van Fossen
1980Joy Sweeney
1981Joy Sweeney
1982Guillermo Flores ValeroJulie Johnson
1983Danielle Mayer
1984Valeria Hayward
1985Debbie Costa
1986Kimberly Joramo
1987Joanna Herrera
1988Suzy Sweeney
1989Tito HernandezMonica RodriguezBill WhitesideJack, C. Bayless TC Clerk Registrar of Voters, Bill Jones, 32nd Assemblyman
1990Milt BakerSara CrumlyJoe PerezKenneth N. Loy 4th district Supervisor, Jerry Barker, Doyl Hoppert Sheriff – running, Gregory TC Superintendent of Schools – Rudy Hernandez running, Earl Carlisle, County Assessor – running, Lorie Mangine tax collector - running
1991George LivingstonMelissa WoodFrank QuatraroButch Coley - Sheriff
1992Manuel AlleyRebecca VincentFrank QuatraroGloria Villacana Mayor, Lieth Martin, Mike Rivas, Salvador Rodriquez, Belen Gomez City Council
1993Rebecca VincentFidela RodriguezBob LeeAlan Savage, Mayor, City Council: Letha Martin, Mike Rivas, Paul Gomez, Gloria Villacana
1994Vivian Crawford and Marion LegakesPamela WoodChuck BartlettBill Whittman, TC Sheriff (running), Coley, running, Bill Jones Sec. of State running, Krant for Judge, Roger Hill, running Sheriff
1995Trisha WhitesideDon HaynesBill Whitman – Sheriff, Mayor: Alan Savage, Councilmen: Don Haynes, Francis Ortiz, Paul Gomez, Mike Rivas, Jr.
1996Johnny JacksonHeather Warren
1997Nakoma Roberts
1998Tami TarbellDave Searcy
1999Andrea Whiteside
2000April Tyler
2001Jesse, Al, and Humphrey ValeroCorinne AinleyRaul Gonzales, Jr.Mayor: Chuck Ray, Jack Ritchie – Vice-Mayor Council Persons: Laura Armstrong, Paul Gomez, Frances Ortiz, City Police - John Zapalac, Bill Whitman - sheriff, Phil Cline, DA of TC City of Woodlake: Ruth, Armida, Bill, Anna, Rachel (administrative staff), Helen – Dial a Ride, Public works staff : Santos, Ruben, Jerry, Tony, Bob, Junior and Carmen.
2002Frank Clark, Frank AthertonAlisha NelsonRaul Gonzales, Jr.
2003Leo FryKara MorrisJohn Wood
2004Dick EdmistonAudra AinleyJohn WoodRaul Gonzales – Vice Mayor, Chuck Ray, Mayor, Jack Ritchie, Paul Gomez, Frances Ortiz Council members, Bill Whitman – Sheriff-Coroner
2005Hube WolfKendra Burkheimer
2006Audie RayChristie Williams (listed in 2012 as Crystal Hasson)Chuck WeeksMayor, Raul Gonzalez – Vice Mayor, Gracie de la Rosa, Jack Ritchie, Frances Ortiz-Council members, Chad Nicholson announcer
2007Jose PerezAlex Cervantes
2008Frank AinleyMindy Garrison
2009Ernesteen FerryJennifer Murphy
2010Paul GomezTarah Rowland
2011Steve GuerroJustine Day
2012Frances Sotomayor OrtizMatlyn MataPaul LiraRaul Gonzales Mayor, Council members: Rudy Mendoza, Jose L. Martinez, Frances Ortiz, Vice-Mayor Gregorio Gonzales, Jr.
2013Ed Micham
2014Frances MannMarkie HagemanTyler Baker
2015


Redbanks History by Mary Anne Terstegge

$
0
0
Redbanks by Mary Anne Terstegge Tulare County Historical Librarian
Reprinted  from March 1991 Valley Voice p. 27


 
Photo from Ernie Garcia p. 57 Images of America Woodlake

Redbanks was once the headquarters and packing center of the largest deciduous fruit orchard in Tulare County.  The first settler in that area west of Woodlake was Elijah T. Colvin, a stockman who in the early 1860s bought three sections of land on the southern slopes of the hill, which bears his name.  At that time Cottonwood Creek still ran due south into the St. Johns River.  By 1892, Elijah Colvin was dead and some of his property was sold. 

In 1901, Dr. and Mrs. William Wheeler Squire, who came from Wisconsin to Exeter in 1884, moved to Visalia.  Soon after they began buying property near Colvin’s Point, which led to the organization of the Redbanks Orchard Co. in November 1903 by Dr. Squire, Charles Joannes and Phil M. Baler.  Squire took an active interest in the company until his death and his son Bill served as manager in the 1920s.  Phil Baler, a former manager of the Earl Fruit Co. realized that this area would produce exceptionally early fruit, and it far exceeded expectations.  Orchards had to be laid out and planted so Redbanks Orchard Co. hired the best available man – Isaac H. Thomas – the Luther Burbank of Tulare County who came here in 1858.

A nurseryman, he sold the first fruit seedings in Tulare County and his name was synonymous with the best in horticultural accomplishments.  His daughter married Phil M. Baler.  At Redbanks Thomas had greenhouses built.  Under his direction – 15 varieties of plums, 14 types of table grapes and several varieties of peaches were planted.  Electricity was used to pump water from a series of 75’ deep wells into cement flumes.  Later water was pumped from the Wutchumna Ditch.  To the east of the Redbanks bridge on the north bank of Cottonwood Creek can still be seen the building that housed the pumping plant which boosted water up to the hill to a reservoir.

When the fruit was ready to harvest, in 1910, the Visalia Electric Railroad extended its tracks to what became known as Redbanks and a packing house was built there parallel to Road 192 south of the creek.  Its foundations can still be seen west of the road.  The fruit cars were hauled to Exeter where they connected with Southern Pacific’s eastside line. 

In 1913, the Santa Fe (then the Minkler Southern Railroad) came to Redbanks and a spur went right into the packing facility.  By then, Redbanks had the largest deciduous fruit ranch in Tulare County.  Redbanks peaches were the earliest in the nation and the other fruit was earliest outside Imperial County.  Thomas exhibited the fruit all over the United States and it usually took first premium.  Phil Baler was the manager.

Redbanks Orchard Co. expanded its holding from the original 1,350 acres on the south slopes of Colvin Mountain to 4, 000 acres, where much of it was grazing land on Colvin Mountain and citrus orchards were planted.  North of Avenue 344 the boundaries of Redbanks Orchard holdings were extended out about to Road 188 on the west and Road 204 on the east.  South of Avenue 344 the property also extended to the Wutchumna Ditch on the east side of the Santa FE tracks and all the way to the St. Johns River on the west side.  A whole complex of buildings were built at the ranch headquarters under the direction of a resident contractor, Jay F. Kimball.
South of Cottonwood Creek, between the creek and the packinghouse was a dwelling first occupied by Elmer Wright, which later became a greasy spoon-type restaurant for the workers.  Immediately west of this and the packinghouse were three rows west of this and the packing house were three rows of workers’ homes with about 10 per row.  Later during the Arena period (named after the Arena family who at one timed owned the property.)  These were arranged in two clusters, one for Hispanic workers and one for white workers.  Farther west near the bend in the creek were two concrete apartment buildings for married workers.  Southwest of these buildings, a dance floor was built in the late 20s.  Across the road from the packinghouse on the south bank of the creek was the blacksmith’s house

On the north bank of Cottonwood Creek was the ranch headquarters.  Immediately west of the road is the two-story manager’s house.  Bill Murray lived there from 1921 until 1929.  Then the Bill Mayfields moved into it.  Wilbur Mayfield was a pipe man from Goshen who served as superintendent until 1934.  Beyond the manager’s house was a small house (no longer there) then the main building which is of Spanish style resembling a Southern Pacific depot.  Constructed in 1914 this building had a large restaurant for the workers at its west end.  Immediately behind the dining area was a large kitchen and food storage area with ice lockers in the center directly below the upstairs.  The kitchen was presided over by Wylie, a one-eyed Chinese man who was an excellent cook.  IN the center of the north side of this headquarters building, a hall and stairway gave access to the upper floor.  At first there were only rooms for workers up there.  Then in 1932, the upstairs has converted into a five-room apartment known as “the penthouse”.  The east half of this building contained rooms for bachelor workers.  Hence it was referred to as “the hotel.”  In the late 1920s, the east end was remodeled to create offices.  West of the headquarters building and near the creek was the shower/lavatory building.

Continuing west is a large implement building, which originally contained a harness tack room and blacksmith shop.  Tom Brown was the resident blacksmith.  Later, motor-driven sprayers and other motorized equipment were housed in this building which then served as the ranch garage.  Farther west, adjacent to it is the hay barn beyond which were the mule stables.  Redbanks Orchard Co. had several pairs of blue-ribbon mules from the state fair.  Farthest west, out beyond the bend of Cottonwood Creek was the Hindu irrigator’s bunkhouse.  This complex was known as Redbanks.  Redbanks Orchard Co. was a pioneer with aerial crop-dusting, using ex-army pilots from Texas to fly four planes in 1928.  One crashed on Colvin Mountain a few years later.

In the winter of 1931-32, Redbanks Orchard Co. became a victim of the Great Depression and was taken over by the bank.  Bill Squires, Jr. and Wilbur Mayfield, along with his son Bill stayed on.  Young Bill Mayfield became the second occupant of the penthouse.


In 1937, the Redbanks Orchard Co. property was sold to a group of 16 men, 13 of whom were members of the Arena family.  Joe Arena became manager of what they renamed the Redbanks Fruit Co.  At first, until Joe remarried to Vida Richards and moved into the manager’s house, he and Ed Thomas, the bookkeeper, lived in the penthouse.  Ed Thomas lived there for 30 years and planted a lovely rose garden on the north side of the headquarters building, which fell into disrepair, the downstairs being used only for storage.  Under the Arena’s care, Redbanks had another hey-day.  In July 1955, 17 carloads of fruit per day left Redbanks.  Joe Arena died in May 1962 and the property was sold to the Griffith Brothers of Anaheim in 1966. They renamed it the Redbanks Packing Co. and remodeled the metal hay barn into a packing facility then tore down the old packinghouse.  The old implement building, many times repaired and remodeled, still is in use, but an additional implement shed stands on the side of the mule stables.  South of the creek, only the foundations remain but there are new greenhouses.  Because of the long-ago cement work, the creek is deeper when it passes through Redbanks.  The manager’s house is still in use, but the once guest headquarters building stands silent and empty, a reminder of the past. 

Bo Villegas Remembers CA Picking Grapes 1942-1957

$
0
0
Memories by Bo Villegas – Woodlake, CA Year 1942 to 1957

(My grandfather, Pedro Aleman Villegas brought his family to Woodlake in the early 1900’s, some of the first Hispanic settlers in Woodlake. Pedro and Antonia had six children: David, Juanita, Bonifacio, Casimior, Estefania, and Juan; baby Virginia died a few days after birth).

As our family settled in Woodlake, CA My dad Bonifacio and Mom Carolina had five children: Emily, Bo, Jerry, Susie, and Sam.  We lived at The Diamond K Ranch (later owned by the Raymond Brothers family), Woodlake, CA Road 204 and Ave. 340.  Diamond K Ranch was a vineyard of about 100 acres of Emperor and Almeria Grapes (90 percent Emperors, 10 percent Almeria’s). We worked on this ranch were sustained as farm labors. During those years, my job was to help in the harvesting of these grapes. Picking, field loading grape boxes onto trucks, (we were called swappers), irrigation, ground cultivating (D-4 Caterpillar), applying sulfur onto vines, pruning, tying grapes vines, etc.  The below photo of emperor grapes is what I remember the abundance and size of emperor grapes grown on this ranch. The soil was sandy loam and rich in nutrients.  It was not unusual for one emperor vine to yield 10 grape boxes (grape box size number 10).  I know because I picked and loaded many of emperors.


Emperor Grapes were once a major variety, representing a quarter of California's table production, but now it is less than 5 percent. Bunched in reddish to purplish clusters, Emperor grapes have a mild somewhat cherry-like flavor, and a lower sugar content than many others. Their thick skins make them a durable grape for shipping and consumer handling. Its large size and full, round shape make the Emperor a popular variety for holiday tables.




My Sister Emily and I, July 16,1942  Woodlake house, Road 204 and Ave 340. Diamond K ranch. Background, Emperor grapes (now replaced with navel oranges). Notice the foot pedal grinding stone in the background. We used to play with it pretending it was a bicycle. Good old days.



My mother holding Brother Jerry, myself and Sister Emily. 1942, Woodlake house, Road 204 and Ave 304.  Diamond K ranch. Across the street (Road 204) behind pepper trees are emperor grapes. Today it is the TWILIGHT PARK.  My dad must have taken this photo.  
This was the same Woodlake location where we lived. – Photos were taken 2013
Looking North Road 204 Our house was located in the open area in the foreground.
The picture on the left Looks West off Road 204 in 1942. The picture on the right looks north.
Memories growing up in Woodlake CA
Title:Picking Thompson Grapes with Brother Jerry
One hot summer day in 1952 my brother Jerry, who was 2 years younger, and I needed to earn some money for school clothes. My father got a lead that work was available in Reedley Ca. picking Thompson grapes. We did not know all the details, but we jumped at the chance to earn money. Early next morning we got ready to go. Mother made us lunch (two bean burrito’s each). Our father dropped us off in front of this large Thompson grape vineyard and said he would be back after 5:00pm to pick us up.  Father was a man of few words, we were to find our own path. There were people already working in the vineyard, but we had to wait for the foreman.
As we waited for the foreman to arrive, we noticed a large roll of brown paper (approx. 10-inch diameter X 36 inches long) and several metal buckets. The brown roll of paper contained, 36 X 36-inch pre-cut sheets. Earlier, instructions from my father were to bring two large half curved grape cutting knives. It was around 5:30 am when the foreman arrived.  In a loud voice and rude manner, he said we were to immediately start work, pick all the grapes on the vines and not to leave any behind.  He stated he would periodically check on the vines we picked to verify that no grapes were left behind.  He said we were to line up the pre-cut sheets towards the right side of the row.  As shown in below photo. This position allows the grapes to have best angle of sunlight for drying. (I already knew that most all vineyards are planted from west to east direction for best sunlight condition). His next rude instructions were, he wanted the cut grapes spread evenly onto paper, did not want any rocks and/or cut vines on the grapes. And that was the end of his instructions and he abruptly left.

Tweet: The row length of vines seemed very long 4 football fields. Bo and Jerry did not know if we were to be paid by the row picked ...
So at this point we did not know how we were going to get paid, hourly, piecework or what. So Jerry and I quickly began our new job endeavor. We quickly found out the best way to do this job was for one to cut and fill our bucket with grapes, the other to dispense and spread grapes onto trays. Around 9:00 am it started to get very hot and humid (around 95 plus degrees) but at that point, we were going along very well. The row length of vines seemed very long (about 4 football fields), did not know if we were to be paid by the row picked and/or the pay structure.
I could hear workers in the field next us and decided to ask them about the pay.  Crossed over to the next row, seen a family picking and spreading grapes. I asked, whom I thought was the father if he knew the pay structure? He said yes.  Six ($ 0.06) cents for a complete tray of cut grapes.  That seemed awfully low to me.  But at that point, I did not know how many trays Jerry and I could do.  I told Jerry the pay structure was 6 cents a tray and he quickly said that’s not enough. Well anyway, we continued jugging along.  Around 11:00 am temperature was around 100 plus degrees, very humid and extremely dusty with this fine loam dirt.
We reach around ¼ of the way down the row and I asked Jerry to count the number of trays we completed.  He came back very angry and said we had 110 trays or about $6.60 or $0.66 cents per hour (6:00 to 11:00 am = 5 hours X 2 = 10 hours) between the both of us. At that point, we were very disappointed and angry. But we continued thinking it would get better as the day goes along.
It was my turn to cut grapes and load the buckets.  I was huddled inside the vine reaching for a batch of grapes when all of sudden I was stung straight on the forehead, between the eyes by a large hornet/wasp. I quickly jumped back to check the damage.  It was too late, all I could do was anguish in pain.  I did not want to go back to pick the rest of the grapes, so I asked Jerry to do it.  He said hell no.  The family in next row heard all the commotion and came over to talk to us. The father said the best way to deal with this situation was to burn the wasp nest. From his back pocket, he grabbed some newspapers and quickly made a funnel shape. He asked for the location of the nest.  I pointed to the location, he lit the newspapers, walked over the nest and quickly burned them out.  He said, now you can go back to picking grapes and he quickly left.  Jerry and I were looking where the wasp nest was and we could see many angry wasps flying around.  I asked Jerry to pick the grapes where the nest was and he said hell no.
By this time, my forehead and face were swollen to a size of a balloon. Both eyes were almost closed and could barely see. Jerry kept laughing at me and said I looked very weird and funny.  But I decided to gingerly and quietly pick the grapes infested with angry wasps.  Luckily I did not get stung again.    
At around 12:30 pm, we decided to eat lunch. We sat under the vines and discussed our future with this new endeavor. Jerry quickly said he wanted to quit, the job was not worth it.  I agreed but said how we are going buy our school clothes.  He said he did not care and wanted to quit. Well, I convinced him to stay on the job.
After lunch, we went back to picking grapes. As we continued picking grapes, ran into two more wasp nests and as instructed, burned the wasp nest. This time around, I was careful cutting grapes and kept a watch full eye (could barely see out of them) for wasps. Around 3:00 pm we were approximately three-quarters down the row. I asked Jerry to count the trays we had picked. Jerry returned and very disappointed said we had 170 trays. 170 X $0.06cents = $10.20, or 0.60 cents per hour (6:00 to 3:00 pm = 8.5 hours X 2 equals 17 hours) between both of us.  Anyway, we finished the day making a grand total of $13.20 dollars or $6.60 each.
We continued this job for three full days and progress remained the same. On the third day when we got home, we told our mother our experience (we did not say a word to father) it was not worth for us to continue this venture. She agreed and that was the end of us picking Thompson grapes, in Reedley Ca. 
Note:  Did not make enough money to buy schools clothes, wore the same clothes that year.
The only sorrow I have writing this short story, is Mom, Dad, Emily, Jerry and Sam are not here to share this story and laugh about this adventure.  They are in heaven, Jerry is picking fruits/grapes, Mom is making his lunch, Dad, Sister Emily, and Brother Sam are enjoying their presence.
To this day, I can smell the below grapes, vines, dirt and humidity.
In the center are dried Thompson Grapes, which are now raisins.

Mom on the left, Jerry on the right


Brother Jerry, me, and our dog Queenie. Location: Diamond K Ranch, behind our old house, Road 204, Woodlake CA, 1951.


Viewing all 68 articles
Browse latest View live